Bronchial artery embolization （BAE） treatment， a highly effective interventional treatment， has been proven to play an important role in the treatment of hemoptysis in patients with bronchial artery lesions and Lung Neoplasms.Since it has the advantage of blocking the bleeding arteries for some time，this opportunity has been proven to be highly efficient in stopping blood loss and restoring the patients'lives.However， complicated and varied bronchial artery structure and the potential risks of invasive treatments can result in various sorts of complications that would affect the patients'further outlook and may potentially progress to multi-target organ dysfunction.This article is focused on the description and main analysis of the general kinds of postoperative complications in the case of BAE and their relations， as well as preventive and further management approaches.This will enhance the patients' safety and health outcomes by preventing，diagnosing， and managing complications before， during， and after BAE procedures.
Rapid on-site evaluation （ROSE） technology is a real-time pathological technique that involves rapid staining and microscopic observation of biopsy or brush specimens at the sampling site， followed by on-site evaluation and judgment by expert to obtain preliminary diagnosis.Based on the preliminary ROSE diagnosis， priority strategies can be formulated to provide feedback and guide the next step of operation.With the rapid development of endoscopic technology and fine needle aspiration technology， ROSE technology which can quickly stain and observe biopsy specimens on site has also flourished， especially in interventional pulmonology.The application of ROSE in interventional pulmonology diagnosis and treatment mainly involve the combination of transbronchial needle aspiration （TBNA），transbronchial lung biopsy （TBLB）， endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration（EBUS-TBNA）， endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath transbronchus lung biopsy （EBUS-GSTBLB） and other bronchoscopic procedures.Other applications of ROSE in interventional pulmonology include percutaneous lung biopsy and medical thoracoscopy.This review specifically elaborate on the origin， development， classification， operational process， and recent advances of ROSE technology in interventional pulmonology.
To explore the efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation in patients with bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization （BAE） treatment.
Methods
From January 2022 to July 2023， the clinical data of 25 patients with bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis who underwent success BAE treatment and followed receiving respiratory rehabilitation treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University were collected retrospectively.The cumulative recurrence-free rate of hemoptysis， degree of dyspnea at 6 months and health-realated quality of life were analyzed.The degree of dyspnea was evaluated by modified Medical Research Council dyspnea （mMRC）classification； and health-realated quality of life （HRQOL） was assessed by 12-item short-form health survey questionnaire （SF-12）.
Results
The median age of all patients was 60 years old and female accounted for 48%.The history of hemoptysis in 13 patients was more than 6 months.The degree of hemoptysis included mild in 14 patients （56%） and moderate in 11 cases （44%）.The cumulative recurrence-free rate of hemoptysis at 1， 3， and 6 months after procedure were 96%， 88% and 84%， respectively.The mMRC classification were 18 （72%） in grade 0， 6 （24%） in grade I， and 1 （4%） in grade III， respectively.Twenty-one （84%） patients had SF-12 score with PCS＞50， while 25 （100%） patients had MCS＞50.
Conclusion
Transarterial embolization was effective in treating bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis.Respiratory rehabilitation could improve the degree of dyspnea and quality of life for these patients.
This study aims to explore the accuracy of fractional flow reserve （FFR）measured by pressure wire at the proximal and distal ends of the lesion in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Methods
This study consecutively enrolled patients （21 pulmonary arteries） with CTEPH who received BPA treatment at the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine， China-Japan Friendship Hospital， between February 2022 and August 2022.The FFR in the pulmonary arteries was measured using pressure wires， and PFG was calculated through selective pulmonary angiography.Correlation analysis was performed among FFR， PFG.
Results
In total， 18 patients with CTEPH were included in the study， including 11 （61.1%） male and 7 （38.9%） female patients， with an average age of 60.1 ± 10.5 years.In the 21 vessels of 18 patients， the FFR was 0.67±0.19.Vascular Distribution Characteristics： left lung： 8 blood vessels， all located in the left lower lobe.right lung： 13 blood vessels， distributed as follows： right upper lobe：5 vessels （38.5%）， right middle lobe： 1 vessel （7.7%）， right lower lobe： 7 vessels （53.8%）.Pulmonary Artery Blood Flow Classification： grade 0 blood flow： 1 vessel （4.8%）， grade 1 blood flow： 3 vessels （14.3%）， grade 2 blood flow： 3 vessels （14.3%）， grade 3 blood flow： 14 vessels （66.6%）.The results showed that there was a significant correlation between PFG and FFR （R= 0.937， P ＜0.0001）.
Conclusion
Fractional flow reserve（FFR） was an effective and precise evaluation method.It obtained via pressure wire measurement can guide balloon pulmonary angiography （BPA） treatment for CTEPH patients.
To explore the feasibility of using low radiation dose bronchial artery computed tomography angiography （BA-CTA） instead of routine dose BA-CTA before bronchial artery embolization.
Methods
The clinical data of 96 patients with massive or recurrent hemoptysis in our hospital from October 2020 to February 2024 were selected.BA-CTA was obtained from 90 patients with a body mass index （BMI）＜30 kg/m2 using a 256 multi-section iCT system before bronchial artery embolization.Ninety patients were randomly divided randomly into two groups using a random number table， with 45 patients in each group.Scanning acquisition parameters： （1） Low radiation dose group： 100 kVp tube voltage， 100 mAs tube current， 50 mL contrast medium； （2） Routine dose group： 120 kVp tube voltage， tube current was used automatic tube current modulation， 80 mL contrast medium.CT attenuation of the thoracic aorta， image noise，signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and contrast-to-noise ratio （CNR） of BA-CTA images between the two groups of patients were compared.The subjective image quality scores and vascular traceability scores of BA-CTA images between the two groups of patients were scored and compared.The effective radiation dose in both groups were calculated.The immediate hemostasis rate of bronchial artery embolization and one month recurrence rate in both groups were calculated.
Results
The effective radiation dose in the low radiation dose group （2.44 ± 0.18） mSv was reduced by 79.67% compared with the routine dose group （12.00 ± 2.13） mSv（P＜0.05）.Compared with the routine dose group （341.94 ± 59.40） HU， the low radiation dose group （406.20± 86.92） HU showed an increase of approximately 64.26 HU in CT attenuation of the thoracic aorta （P＜0.05）.The image noise in the low radiation dose group （22.80 ± 4.95） HU was higher than that in the routine dose group （13.52 ± 2.55） HU.SNR （18.93 ± 6.39 vs 26.07 ± 6.13） and CNR （16.52 ± 6.03 vs 22.24 ± 5.74） in the low radiation dose group were lower than that in the routine dose group （all P＜0.05）.There were no statistically significant difference in subjective image quality scores and traceability scores between the two groups （all P＜0.05）.The immediate hemostasis rate of bronchial artery embolization was 100% in both the two groups.The recurrence rates of the low radiation group and the routine dose group at one month after BAE were 4.4% and 8.9%， respectively， with no statistically significant difference （χ2=0.179， P=0.673）.
Conclusion
For patients with BMI ＜ 30 kg/m2， BA-CTA protocol examination with low tube voltage（100 kVp）， low tube current （100 mAs） combined with low contrast medium volume （50 mL） is feasible in patients with massive hemoptysis and recurrent hemoptysis， before bronchial artery embolizationwith.The radiation dose was reduced by 79.67%， the amount of contrast medium volume was reduced by 37.50%， and the diagnostic value of the images was ensured.
To investigate the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis（CDT） in the treatment of intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism （APE） patients.
Methods
From January 2021 to September 2023， clinical data of 46 intermediate-risk APE patients who received CDT were retrospectively collected.The primary efficacy endpoint was the reduction in the right ventricle/left ventricle（RV/LV） ratio from baseline to 7 days post-procedure.The secondary efficacy endpoint included thrombus burden calculated by the Qanadli index， pulmonary artery systolic pressure， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， and cardiac troponin T levels.Safety evaluation included major bleeding and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding defined by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium （BARC） criteria.Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were employed to assess the safety and efficacy of CDT in APE patients by comparing initial and post-treatment indicators.
Results
After 24 hours of CDT treatment， heart rate decreased from 93.5±11.6 to 82.4±6.9 beats/min （P＜0.001）， respiratory rate decreased from 20.6±3.0 to 17.6±11.5 breaths/min （P＜0.001）， and there was a significant decrease in NT-proBNP and troponin T［1224.9 ng/L （297.0， 3652.5） vs 339.9 ng/L （99.1， 1515.0）， P=0.005 and 25.4 ng/L （13.4， 60.7） vs 17.3 ng/L（10.3， 30.7）， P=0.029）］.The RV/LV ratio decreased from 1.5±0.2 to 0.9±0.1 （P＜0.001） after 7 days post-CDT.Simultaneously， the Qanadli index decreased from 49.1%±11.6% to 16.7%±9.3% （P＜0.001）.Significant reductions were observed in pulmonary artery systolic pressure ［（51.0±10.6） mmHg vs （32.1±8.1） mmHg，P＜0.001］.NT-proBNP and troponin T both decreased more significantly （P＜0.001）.During hospitalization， no major bleeding events occurred in any of the patients.Six patients （13.0%） experienced non-major bleeding events.During the subsequent 3-month follow-up， 3 patients （6.5%） experienced recurrent pulmonary embolism， and 10 patients （21.7%） had residual small amounts of thrombus.
Conclusion
The use of CDT in the treatment of intermediate-risk APE patients could rapidly improve right heart function and reduce thrombus burden with an acceptable safety profile.
To explore the method of using anhydrous ethanol combined with Glubran-2 gel to treat Puig type Ⅲ venous malformation， and evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety.
Methods
The clinical data of 76 patients with Puig type Ⅲ venous malformation admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The treatment of venous malformations was all percutaneous local treatment， using anhydrous ethanol combined with Glubran-2 glue.Among the 76 patients， there were 35 males and 41 females， aged 3-16 years （median age： 7 years）.The follow-up period ranged from 25 to 67 months （median follow-up time was 47 months）.
Results
The 76 patients recived local treatment for 1-3 times， with an average of （2.69±0.61） times.By the end of the follow-up period， 43 cases were cured， 26 cases showed significant relief，4 cases showed partial relief， and 3 cases were ineffecive.All patients had transient swelling of the lesion after surgery， with 4 cases of postoperaive hematuria and 3 cases of local tension blisters.No serious complications such as skin ulceration or ectopic embolism occurred.
Conclusion
The combination of anhydrous ethanol and Glubran-2 glue for the treatment of Puig type Ⅲ venous malformation is simple， safe， and reliable， with fewer complications.
To summarize the complications of intra-arterial chemotherapy （IAC） in the treatment of retinoblastomas， in order to provide a basis for the formulation of preoperative treatment plans and postoperative care for children with retinoblastoma， in order to provide a basis for the formulation of preoperative treatment plans and postoperative care for children with retinoblastoma.
Methods
A retrospective single-center study， including 96 children with retinoblastoma who underwent IAC at the Beijing Children's Hospital， Capital Medical University between December 2019 and February 2022 was conducted.Data， including tumor stage， treatment method， the number of chemotherapy sessions， and treatment complications， were analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether complications occurred， and binary Logistic regression analyses was used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative complications.
Results
Surgical complications in patients with retinoblastoma treated with IAC included systemic adverse reactions and ocular complications.Among them， 19.5% had myelosuppression， 13.9%had ophthalmic artery-related complications， and 0.4% had a drug allergy.Moreover， among 96 patients who underwent initial IAC， 31.3% （30/96） had treatment complications.The total percentage of complications after 135 infusions in patients who underwent at least two operations was 37.8% （51/135）.There was no statistically significant difference in complications between the first IAC and two or more IAC （P=0.306）.Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that surgical year was an independent risk factor for complications （P＜0.05）.
Conclusion
IAC is a safe and effective treatment for retinoblastomas with mild complications.
To investigate the ultrasound radiomics of axillary lymph node metastasis burden in breast cancer.
Methods
A total of 100 patients with breast cancer who received surgical treatment in Mianyang 404 hospital， Sichuan Province from November 2019 to January 2023 were selected.According to the postoperative pathological status of lymph node metastasis， the patients were divided into high lymph node metastasis burden （HNB） group （n=43） and low lymph node metastasis burden （LNB） group （n=57）.The general clinical data， conventional ultrasound features and image omics features of the 2 groups were analyzed.The image omics features were extracted and the intra-group correlation coefficient （ICC） was used for consistency analysis.The mRMR and LASSO regression algorithms were used to screen the image omics features related to lymph node metastasis burden.Univariate Logistic regression analysis was used to select clinical factors and routine ultrasound features.The conventional ultrasound scoring model， imaging omics scoring model and joint prediction model were constructed and evaluated.
Results
Finally， 10 non-zero image omics features were screened out from ultrasonic images.There were significant differences in Radscore， conventional ultrasound score and combination-score between the LNB group and HNB group （P＜0.05）.There were statistically significant differences in the area under the receiver working characteristic curve（AUC） between conventional ultrasound model and imaging omics model and combined prediction model respectively （P＜0.05）， while there was no statistically significant difference in the AUC between imaging omics model and combined prediction model （P＞0.05）.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that all models fit well （P＞0.05）.
Conclusion
The differential ability of the combined prediction model is better than that of conventional ultrasound model and imaging omics mode， suggesting that it is feasible for the combined imaging omics features and conventional ultrasound features to predict high axillary lymph node metastatic burden of breast cancer.
Exploring the methodological elements of constructing a liver phantom for training transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt （TIPS） in a real interventional procedure environment.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the DSA image data of 36 patients treated with TIPS in our hospital.Three typical cases' enhanced CT thin-layer data were selected as the master version.Mimics software and 3D MAX software were used to extract， reconstruct， and smooth the models of hepatic vein，portal vein， inferior vena cava， and liver.The connection model between portal vein and hepatic vein and the mold model were established.The hardness of silicone blocks with different Shore hardness was tested by needle puncture.After 3D printing the above model， and the silicone for simulating hardened liver was injected for molding and demolding operations.The pipeline path was established according to the principle of blood circulation and connected to the liver silicone model and submersible pump.CT scanning and TIPS simulation training under digital subtraction angiography （DSA） were performed on the model to evaluate its reliability and realism.
Results
The key elements of this study included the three-dimensional modeling of small-diameter connecting pipes and mold molds for portal vein branches and hepatic vein branches， as well as the demolding operation of the molds.Silicone with a Shore hardness of 10° could simulate liver with heavier hardening， while silicone with a Shore hardness of 5° could simulate liver with lighter hardening.The CT images of the model could achieve path planning for portal vein puncture from the hepatic vein，and the internal and various interfaces of the model showed good anti-leakage characteristics.The hepatic vein and portal vein imaging were similar to real procedure， and the liver puncture process had realistic resistance feedback.
Conclusion
The construction of a liver phantom containing hepatic veins and portal veins is technically feasible， with high reliability and realism， and can be used for TIPS simulation training of interventional physicians.
Aortic arch diseases mainly include aneurysms and dissections involving the arch， as well as penetrating ulcers and intramural hematomas.The reconstruction of the supra-arch branch vessels is still a difficult point in the endovascular treatment of aortic arch diseases.This article aims to explore the current status of endovascular treatment of aortic arch diseases， describe the current status of the application of various endovascular treatment methods for the reconstruction of supra-arch branch vessels，and analyze the characteristics of various endovascular techniques.
This study aims to evaluate the development of interventional medicine in Guizhou Province， providing empirical data to support the expansion of interventional medicine in comprehensive hospitals.
Methods
From October 3， 2023， to December 31， 2023， a questionnaire survey was conducted among hospitals offering interventional diagnosis and treatment in Guizhou Province.The survey collected data on the autonomy of interventional therapy disciplines， the facilities' environment， and staffing configurations.
Results
The survey included 9 provincial hospitals， 26 municipal hospitals， and 36 county hospitals.Guizhou Province has demonstrated substantial progress in the field of interventional medicine， especially in establishing disciplinary autonomy.Despite considerable differences in facilities and staffing across different levels of hospitals， a positive development trend is evident.
Conclusion
Guizhou Province has achieved significant advances in establishing an independent interventional specialty system.The integration of interventional wards， operating rooms， diagnostic and treatment equipment， and personnel training has begun.Nonetheless， further optimization of resource integration and reduction of service disparities across hospital tiers are needed to deepen the integration process of interventional medicine.Addressing these challenges through enhanced facilities and personnel training is essential for fostering rapid development.
To investigate the effect of continuous oral wetting technique on secondary thirst in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage during perioperative period.
Methods
A total of 68 sober patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method， and were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method， with 34 cases in each group.The control group was treated with room temperature drinking water spray intervention， and the experimental group was treated with self-made one-time lip moistening device for continuous oral moistening intervention.Differences in scores of thirst intensity， degree of thirst pain， oral comfort and satisfaction before and after intervention were collected and compared between the two groups.
Results
The scores of thirst intensity at 6 and 12h after intervention in the experimental group were （4.88±1.297） and （3.12±1.200） points， respectively， which were lower than those of the control group （6.35±1.515） and （5.41±1.234） points， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.001）.The pain degree of thirst at 6 and 12 h after intervention in the experimental group was （22.50±1.441） and（17.15±2.476） points， respectively， lower than that in control group （25.41±2.002） and （23.88±1.966） points，and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.001）.The oral comfort level of patients in the experimental group at 6 and 12h after intervention was higher than that of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.001）.After intervention， the satisfaction in the experimental group （97.1%）was higher than that in the control group （91.2%）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=11.769，P=0.003）.
Conclusion
In this study， a self-made oral moistening device was used to alleviate perioperative secondary thirst in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding by using innovative continuous oral wetting technology， improve oral comfort and medical experience of patients， and is worthy of clinical promotion.
To summarize the application effect and experience of interventional information a nursing document with 3D quality control theory and PDCA theory.
Methods
Taking 3D quality control theory and PDCA cycle theory as the theoretical framework， a nursing informatization team was established to construct the whole process of informatization for patients undergoing interventional therapy.The evaluation scale of clinical nursing informatization was applied to retrospectively compare the completeness rate of writing， economic cost， nurses' satisfaction and compliance in 2021 without using the nursing informatization documents and in 2022 and 2023 using the nursing informatization documents.
Results
The interventional patient information acquisition mode based on object method ring was constructed.Fifteen types of forms have been constructed， including preoperative handover sheet， sub-disease interventional care record sheet，interventional inventory list， interventional treatment safety verification form， interventional patient information registration form and interventional postoperative handover form； Formed.A new document quality control mode of interventional therapy wa formed.The overall satisfaction dimension score of the system model was 4.44±0.61 points， and the use compliance score was 4.45±0.53 points.The completeness rate of document writing increased from 94.63% before use to 97.66% after use.The average cost of related items such as paper per single case decreased from 2.8 yuan before use to 1.56 yuan.There were statistically significant differences in the completeness rate of nursing documents and the average cost of individual paper before and after use（P＜0.05）.
Conclusion
The electronic nursing documents constructed based on the two major theories can improve the compliance， and satisfaction of medical staff and the completeness electronic document writing，save time and reduce expenses， and can be promoted in peers.
To explore the effectiveness of the hospital-community-family integrated management model in the prevention of venous thromboembolism （VTE） in elderly people in the community.
Methods
A quasi-experiment method was used to select 25 elderly people （aged ≥ 60） from each of two communities in Changsha as the research subjects.The control group received routine preventive intervention， while the experimental group added a hospital-community-family integrated management model for VTE prevention among elderly people in the community on the basis of routine intervention.The intervention period was from July to October 2023.After three months of intervention， a comparative analysis was conducted on the VTE awareness rate， cognitive level score， health behavior compliance score， D-dimer concentration， and VTE incidence rate of the two groups of elderly people in the community.
Results
This study included 46 elderly individuals， with 23 cases in each group.After intervention， the VTE awareness rate， cognitive level score， and health behavior compliance score in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group （P＜0.05）； After intervention， the D-dimer concentration in the experimental group was lower than before intervention （P＜0.05）.
Conclusion
The application of the hospital-community-family integrated management model can improve the awareness rate of VTE， cognitive level， and health behavior compliance of elderly people in the community， and to some extent reduce the D-dimer concentration， thereby controlling and reducing the risk of VTE occurrence.
