Combined Serum S100, NSE, and IL-1β for the Evaluation of Brain Injury and Prognosis After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Cerebral Infarction

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2025.04.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the relationship between serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100 protein, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) with the severity of brain injury and prognosis in patients after mechanical thrombectomy for cerebral infarction.

Methods

A total of 60 patients with acute cerebral infarction who underwent mechanical thrombectomy in the Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between September 2023 and January 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data collected included gender, age, CT imaging results, infarct location, serum levels of S100, NSE, IL-1β, and leukocyte count. Patients were followed up by telephone for 28 days after discharge. Group comparisons were performed using t-tests for normally distributed data and rank-sum tests for non-normally distributed data. One-way ANOVA was used for multi-group comparisons. Logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors for mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the predictive performance of each biomarker for 28-day mortality. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate associations between biomarker levels and infarct volume.

Results

IL-1β, S100, and NSE levels were significantly higher in the death group compared with the survival group (P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated IL-1β, S100, and NSE were significantly associated with 28-day mortality (P<0.05), with odds ratios greater than 1, indicating they were independent risk factors. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that IL-1β, S100, NSE, and their combination had predictive value for 28-day mortality, with favorable AUC values. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that serum IL-1β, S100, and NSE levels were positively correlated with infarct volume; higher levels corresponded to larger infarct size.

Conclusion

Serum IL-1β, NSE, and S100 are closely associated with short-term prognosis in patients after mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral infarction. Elevated levels predict higher 28-day mortality and larger infarct volume, suggesting their utility as biomarkers for early prognostic evaluation.

Key words: Acute cerebral infarction, Mechanical thrombectomy, IL-1β, S100, NSE

Weidong Zhang, Siqi Tan, Wangzhi Ma, Zhongxin Cui, Yongning Li. Combined Serum S100, NSE, and IL-1β for the Evaluation of Brain Injury and Prognosis After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Cerebral Infarction[J]. Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology(Electronic Edition), 2025, 13(04): 344-349.

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Figures/Tables 4

组别	生存组（n=36）	死亡组（n=22）	P值^*
年龄（ $x ¯$ ±s）	65.53±12.06	64±11.75	0.638
性别[男性，例（%）]	27（75）	15（68.2）	0.573
吸烟史[例（%）]	9（25）	7（31.8）	0.573
饮酒史[例（%）]	7（19.4）	5（22.7）	0.765
高血压[例（%）]	19（52.8）	12（54.5）	0.896
糖尿病[例（%）]	7（19.4）	6（27.3）	0.488
心房颤动[例（%）]	9（25）	9（40.9）	0.204
APTT（s， $x ¯$ ±s）	26.71±6.28	29.35±11.71	0.296
PT（s， $x ¯$ ±s）	11.83±2.87	15.27±18.74	0.318
D-dimer（mg/L FEU， $x ¯$ ±s）	1.99±3.54	2.44±4.73	0.693
WBC（×10⁹/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	9.25±2.94	9.55±3.26	0.725
Hb（g/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	140.42±17.34	132.59±15.97	0.91
PLT（×10⁹/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	202±58.72	215.45±81.17	0.468
NEUT（%， $x ¯$ ±s）	76.04±11.48	68.06±27.84	0.132
ALT（U/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	31.06±18.21	25.14±13.73	0.196
AST（U/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	29.97±12	36.23±40.76	0.396
Scr（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	58.26±14.83	62.95±13.29	0.231
IL-1β（pg/mL， $x ¯$ ±s）	25.14±21.29	61±30.27	<0.001
S100（mg/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	1.17±1.59	4.13±2.66	<0.001
NSE（ng/mL， $x ¯$ ±s）	15.7±9.5	34.42±10.21	<0.001
V（cm³， $x ¯$ ±s）	20.52±25.55	116.76±79.33	<0.001

组别	生存组（n=36）	死亡组（n=22）	P值^*
年龄（ $x ¯$ ±s）	65.53±12.06	64±11.75	0.638
性别[男性，例（%）]	27（75）	15（68.2）	0.573
吸烟史[例（%）]	9（25）	7（31.8）	0.573
饮酒史[例（%）]	7（19.4）	5（22.7）	0.765
高血压[例（%）]	19（52.8）	12（54.5）	0.896
糖尿病[例（%）]	7（19.4）	6（27.3）	0.488
心房颤动[例（%）]	9（25）	9（40.9）	0.204
APTT（s， $x ¯$ ±s）	26.71±6.28	29.35±11.71	0.296
PT（s， $x ¯$ ±s）	11.83±2.87	15.27±18.74	0.318
D-dimer（mg/L FEU， $x ¯$ ±s）	1.99±3.54	2.44±4.73	0.693
WBC（×10⁹/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	9.25±2.94	9.55±3.26	0.725
Hb（g/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	140.42±17.34	132.59±15.97	0.91
PLT（×10⁹/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	202±58.72	215.45±81.17	0.468
NEUT（%， $x ¯$ ±s）	76.04±11.48	68.06±27.84	0.132
ALT（U/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	31.06±18.21	25.14±13.73	0.196
AST（U/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	29.97±12	36.23±40.76	0.396
Scr（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	58.26±14.83	62.95±13.29	0.231
IL-1β（pg/mL， $x ¯$ ±s）	25.14±21.29	61±30.27	<0.001
S100（mg/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	1.17±1.59	4.13±2.66	<0.001
NSE（ng/mL， $x ¯$ ±s）	15.7±9.5	34.42±10.21	<0.001
V（cm³， $x ¯$ ±s）	20.52±25.55	116.76±79.33	<0.001

因素	OR（95% CI）	P值
年龄	0.989（0.946~1.035）	0.632
性别（男性）	0.714（0.221~2.306）	0.574
吸烟史	1.4（0.434~4.521）	0.574
饮酒史	1.218（0.334~4.446）	0.765
高血压	0.931（0.321~2.699）	0.896
糖尿病	1.554（0.445~5.42）	0.49
心房颤动	2.077（0.667~6.471）	0.207
APTT	1.035（0.969~1.107）	1.035
PT	1.029（0.960~1.104）	1.029
D-dimer	1.028（0.898~1.178）	0.688
WBC	1.033（0.866~1.231）	0.72
Hb	0.971（0.939~1.005）	0.097
PLT	1.003（0.995~1.011）	0.462
NEUT	0.979（0.951~1.008）	0.979
ALT	0.975（0.937~1.014）	0.205
AST	1.009（0.987~1.032）	0.429
Scr	1.024（0.985~1.064）	0.23
IL-1β	1.053（1.025~1.082）	<0.001
S100	1.861（1.341~2.582）	<0.001
NSE	1.176（1.086~1.273）	<0.001

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