To compare the operation time, puncture times and complications of traditional blind and ultrasound-guided femoral artery puncture (US-FAP) in children, and to explore the learning curve of US-FAP, so as to provide reference for the application of US-FAP in children.

The clinical data of 104 cases (blind puncture group) of femoral artery puncture completed by a pediatric interventional radiologist who has worked in our department for more than 10 years were collected and analyzed from January 2020 to December 2020. The clinical data of 120 cases (ultrasound-guided group) underwent US-FAP from January 2021 to December 2021 were collected and analyzed. The operation time, puncture times, puncture success rate and complications of blind puncture group and ultrasound-guided group were compared. The ultrasound-guided group was further divided into 8 groups names as A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, and the learning curve was also analyzed.

The success rate of one-time, two-time and three-time puncture were significantly higher than those in blind puncture group. The puncture time and average puncture times were significantly lower than those in the blind puncture group. The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that in the blind puncture group. There was significant difference in operation time between groups A~E (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups E~H(P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications among the eight groups(P > 0.05).

Compared with blind puncture, ultrasound-guided femoral artery puncture in children has higher success rate, shorter time and lower incidence of adverse reactions. In addition, 75 cases of ultrasound guided femoral artery puncture are expected to pass through the turning point of the learning curve safely. There was no difference between the early and mature stages of the learning curve and both were the same safe.