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中华介入放射学电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (01) : 46 -54. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2026.01.007

论著

社会支持在介入治疗后脑卒中主要照顾者负性情绪和照顾准备度间的中介作用
马蓓蓓, 高翔, 黄露, 汪阳, 柳莹, 卢光东, 王雪梅()   
  1. 210029 江苏南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院介入放射科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2026-02-25
  • 通信作者: 王雪梅
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科教能力提升工程(JSDW202243)

The mediating role of social support in the relationship between negative emotions and care preparedness of the main caregivers of stroke patients after intervention treatment

Beibei Ma, Xiang Gao, Lu Huang, Yang Wang, Ying Liu, Guangdong Lu, Xuemei Wang()   

  1. The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
  • Received:2025-08-11 Published:2026-02-25
  • Corresponding author: Xuemei Wang
引用本文:

马蓓蓓, 高翔, 黄露, 汪阳, 柳莹, 卢光东, 王雪梅. 社会支持在介入治疗后脑卒中主要照顾者负性情绪和照顾准备度间的中介作用[J/OL]. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2026, 14(01): 46-54.

Beibei Ma, Xiang Gao, Lu Huang, Yang Wang, Ying Liu, Guangdong Lu, Xuemei Wang. The mediating role of social support in the relationship between negative emotions and care preparedness of the main caregivers of stroke patients after intervention treatment[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology(Electronic Edition), 2026, 14(01): 46-54.

目的

本研究旨在探究介入治疗的脑卒中患者主要照顾者的抑郁水平、社会支持状况与照顾者准备度,分析其相互关系,并探讨社会支持在抑郁与照顾准备度之间的中介效应,为提升术后照护质量与促进照顾者心理健康提供理论依据。

方法

采用便利抽样选取南京医科大学第一附属医院介入放射科接受介入手术治疗的脑卒中患者及其主要照顾者为研究对象,通过汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD)、社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale, SSRS)和照顾准备度量表(Caregiver Preparedness Scale, CPS)开展调查。采用多元线性回归和中介效应分析探讨抑郁、社会支持与照顾准备度的相互关系。

结果

共纳入217名有效样本,结果显示主要照顾者抑郁情况与照顾准备度显著负相关(P<0.01),而社会支持得分与照顾准备度显著正相关(P<0.001)。单因素分析显示,不同职业背景的主要照顾者、居住地、是否有他人协助和是否有照顾经验在准备度得分上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。多元回归分析发现,脑卒中患者为女性(β=2.252),受教育程度为高中和本科/专科及以上(β=2.784和5.104),主要照顾者婚姻状况为未婚或离异/丧偶(β=5.171),均显著预测较高的照顾准备度。中介效应分析显示,主观支持在主要照顾者抑郁与照顾准备度之间发挥部分中介作用,将照顾者基本特征纳入协变量后,社会支持的中介效应依然显著(P<0.01)。

结论

主要照顾者的婚姻状况和脑卒中患者的文化程度是影响照顾者准备度的重要因素。主要照顾者的抑郁情绪与照顾准备度呈显著负相关,而社会支持呈显著正相关。进一步分析发现,社会支持,尤其是主观支持,在抑郁情绪影响主要照顾者准备度的路径中发挥中介作用。

Objective

This study aims to explore the depression level, social support status and caregiver preparedness of the main caregivers of stroke patients undergoing interventional treatment, analyze their interrelationships, and investigate the mediating effect of social support between depression and caregiver preparedness, providing a theoretical basis for improving postoperative care quality and promoting the mental health of caregivers.

Methods

Convenience sampling was used to select stroke patients and their main caregivers who received interventional surgery in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province as the research subjects. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Caregiver Preparedness Scale (CPS) were used for the investigation. Multiple linear regression and mediation effect analysis were used to explore the interrelationships among depression, social support, and caregiver preparedness.

Results

A total of 217 valid samples were included. The results showed that the depression level of the main caregivers was significantly negatively correlated with caregiver preparedness (P<0.01), while the social support score was significantly positively correlated with caregiver preparedness (P<0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that main caregivers with different occupational backgrounds, place of residence, availability of assistance from others, and prior caregiving experience were significantly associated with preparedness scores (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that higher caregiving preparedness was significantly predicted by the following factors: the stroke patient being female (β=2.252), having a higher level of education (high school and college/university or above; β=2.784 and 5.104, respectively), and the primary caregiver being unmarried or divorced/widowed (β=5.171). Mediation effect analysis showed that subjective support played a partial mediating role between the depression of main caregivers and caregiver preparedness. After including the basic characteristics of caregivers as covariates, the mediating effect of social support remained significant (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The marital status of main caregivers and the educational level of stroke patients are important factors affecting caregiver preparedness. The depression of main caregivers is significantly negatively correlated with caregiver preparedness, while social support is significantly positively correlated. Further analysis revealed that social support, especially subjective support, plays a mediating role in the path by which depression affects the preparedness of main caregivers.

表1 介入治疗脑卒中患者的主要照顾者一般资料(n=217)
一般资料 主要照顾者 CPS得分(
±s)
t/F
年龄(岁,
±s
45.84±12.48
性别[例(%)] -0.526
105(48.39) 23.733±6.637
112(51.61) 24.170±5.559
文化程度[例(%)] 1.946
小学及以下 25(11.52) 22.200±6.117
初中 62(28.57) 23.984±5.177
高中 53(24.42) 23.113±7.108
本科/专科及以上 77(35.48) 25.091±5.901
婚姻状况[例(%)] -1.583
已婚 196(90.32) 23.745±6.074
其他 21(9.68) 25.952±6.062
居住地[例(%)] 1.976*
城镇 153(70.51) 24.484±6.209
农村 64(29.49) 22.703±5.659
职业[例(%)] 2.480*
企事业单位人员 32(14.75) 26.875±5.247
专业技术人员 18(8.29) 25.889±6.135
工人 29(13.36) 22.310±5.549
农民 36(16.59) 22.278±5.931
个体 36(16.59) 22.722±7.417
退休 22(10.14) 24.182±6.099
无业 16(7.37) 23.313±5.665
其他 28(12.9) 25.036±4.834
家庭人均月收入[元,例(%)]) 1.243
<3000 67(30.88) 23.045±6.273
3000-5000 75(34.56) 24.640±5.029
>5000 75(34.56) 24.093±6.838
与患者的关系[例(%)] 1.798
配偶 75(34.56) 22.800±6.089
子女 118(54.38) 24.610±6.144
父母 17(7.83) 25.235±5.310
雇佣、其他 7(3.23) 22.286±5.936
出院后可照顾患者的时间[例(%)] 1.092
<4小时/天 57(26.27) 24.105±6.079
4~8小时/天 53(24.42) 22.906±6.099
>8小时/天 107(49.31) 24.402±6.093
健康状况[例(%)]
较好 177(81.57) 24.192±6.113 0.741
一般 37(17.05) 23.000±6.096
较差 3(1.38) 22.000±5.000
与患者共同居住[例(%)]
149(68.66) 23.973±6.224 0.052
68(31.34) 23.926±5.842
是否有他人协助您照顾患者[例(%)]
146(67.28) 24.623±5.879 2.328 *
71(32.72) 22.592±6.337
除了照顾患者,有其他人需要您的照顾[例(%)]
71(32.72) 24.746±5.173 1.331
146(67.28) 23.575±6.476
照顾经验[例(%)]
147(67.74) 24.830±5.667 3.114**
70(32.26) 22.129±6.578
表2 主要照顾者准备度的多元线性回归分析(n=217)
表3 主要照顾准备度、抑郁和社会支持的中介效应分析(n=217)
模型 效应 路径 效应值 SE值 P 95% CI
Model 1 直接效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.216 0.103 0.038* (-0.419~-0.012)
间接效应 抑郁→社会支持 -0.408 0.138 0.003** (-0.680~-0.137)
社会支持→照顾者准备度 0.264 0.051 <0.001*** (0.163~0.366)
总效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.324 0.107 0.003** (-0.535~-0.112)
Model 2 直接效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.314 0.106 0.003** (-0.523~-0.105)
间接效应 抑郁→客观支持 -0.033 0.062 0.599 (-0.155~0.089)
客观支持→照顾者准备度 0.297 0.120 0.014* (0.061~0.533)
总效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.324 0.107 0.003** (-0.535~-0.112)
Model 3 直接效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.193 0.106 0.070 (-0.402~0.016)
间接效应 抑郁→主观支持 -0.312 0.080 0.001*** (-0.468~-0.155)
主观支持→照顾者准备度 0.420 0.090 <0.001*** (0.243~0.597)
总效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.324 0.107 0.003** (-0.535~-0.112)
Model 4 直接效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.277 0.096 0.004** (-0.482~-0.072)
间接效应 抑郁→对支持的利用度 -0.064 0.041 0.118 (-0.145~0.017)
对支持的利用度→照顾者准备度 0.725 0.177 0.001*** (0.377~1.073)
总效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.324 0.107 0.003** (-0.535~-0.112)
Model 5 直接效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.228 0.110 0.039* (-0.445~-0.012)
间接效应 抑郁→社会支持 -0.297 0.136 0.030* (-0.565~-0.029)
社会支持→照顾者准备度 0.209 0.058 <0.001*** (0.095~0.323)
总效应 抑郁→照顾者准备度 -0.291 0.112 0.010* (-0.511~-0.070)
图1 社会支持的中介效应检验 1A:Model 1结果;1B:Model 3结果;1C:Model 5结果。
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