肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism, PE）是体循环内栓子脱落，导致肺动脉及分支阻塞，引起肺循环功能障碍的呼吸系统疾病，其中最常见的是肺血栓栓塞症，通常所称的PE即指肺血栓栓塞症。PE是我国第三常见的心血管病，发病率高，但其临床症状常无特异性，且确诊需要非常规检查方式，因此往往因误诊、漏诊或诊断不及时导致高死亡率。若未及时治疗，PE的总死亡率为18%~30%，而接受抗凝治疗后的死亡率为2%~11%；因此早期的诊断、治疗对于PE患者十分重要。本文主要综合国内外循证医学证据，对PE的诊断与治疗的研究进展进行总结。

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a respiratory disease in which emboli fall off in the systemic circulation, leading to obstruction of pulmonary arteries and branches, causing pulmonary circulation dysfunction. The most common is pulmonary thromboembolism, commonly known as pulmonary embolism, which refers to pulmonary thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cardiovascular disease in China with a high incidence, but its clinical symptoms are often non-specific, and the diagnosis requires unconventional examination methods. Therefore, it often leads to high mortality due to misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis or untimely diagnosis. If not treated in time, the total mortality rate of pulmonary embolism is 18%-30%, while the mortality rate after anticoagulant therapy is 2%-11%. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are very important for patients with pulmonary embolism. This article mainly summarizes the research progress of the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism based on evidence-based medical evidence at home and abroad.