磁粒子成像的临床前应用研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2020.01.015

磁粒子成像（magnetic particle imaging，MPI）是由核磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）衍生而来的新一代分子影像技术。其采用复合组合方式的旋转可变梯度磁场，直接检测体内超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子（superparamagnetic iron oxide，SPIO），可以获得纳摩尔级的超高灵敏度成像。MPI具有高时空间分辨率、高灵敏度、无扫描深度限制且无电离辐射等特点，目前已应用于细胞示踪、血管成像以及肿瘤成像及治疗等临床前领域。自2005年出现以来，MPI在软件算法、硬件开发、示踪剂设计和临床前应用领域得到了快速的发展。文章在简述MPI历史及基本原理的基础上，对近年来MPI在细胞示踪、血管、肿瘤等临床前领域的研究进展进行了归纳与总结，并对MPI的临床转化前景进行了展望。

关键词: 磁粒子成像, 超顺磁性氧化铁, 分子影像, 示踪剂

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new generation of molecular imaging technology derived from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).It adopted complex combinations of rotary variable gradient magnetic field that can directly detect the Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) in vivo with high sensitivity of the Moore level. MPI is characterized by high temporal spatial resolution, high sensitivity, no scanning depth limitation and no ionizing radiation, etc. It has been applied in cell tracer,angiography,tumor imaging and treatment and other preclinical fields. Since its emergence in 2005, MPI has developed rapidly in software algorithms, hardware development, tracer design, and preclinical applications. Therefore, on the basis of briefly describing the history and basic principles of MPI, this article would summarize the research progress of MPI in cell tracer, blood vessel, tumor and other preclinical fields in recent years, and prospect the clinical transformation of MPI.

Key words: Magnetic particle imaging, Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Molecular imaging, Tracer

表1 不同成像方式在细胞示踪上的比较^{[13,14,15,16,17,18]}

成像模式	空间分辨率	成像速度	敏感度	主要细胞示踪剂
光学成像	20 μm/成像深度受限	秒级	μmol	荧光颜料（ICG，Cy，Luciferase等）
PET/SPECT	1 000～2 000 μm	分级	pmol	放射性核（In111，Tc99m，18 F，68 Ga等）
MRI	25～500 μm	分级	mmol	增强剂（钆，锰，SPIO，19 F等）
MPI	250～1 400 μm	秒级	0.1 μmol	SPIO

表1 不同成像方式在细胞示踪上的比较^{[13,14,15,16,17,18]}

成像模式	空间分辨率	成像速度	敏感度	主要细胞示踪剂
光学成像	20 μm/成像深度受限	秒级	μmol	荧光颜料（ICG，Cy，Luciferase等）
PET/SPECT	1 000～2 000 μm	分级	pmol	放射性核（In111，Tc99m，18 F，68 Ga等）
MRI	25～500 μm	分级	mmol	增强剂（钆，锰，SPIO，19 F等）
MPI	250～1 400 μm	秒级	0.1 μmol	SPIO

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