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Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (03): 257-264. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2026.03.005

• Article • Previous Articles    

125I Seed Strands Combined with Biliary Stenting Versus Stenting Alone for Unresectable Ⅲ/Ⅳ Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comparative Study

Xiaojian Wang1,2, Hao Li1,2, Junpeng Gu1,2, ·Hasimu Asihaer1,2, Jianhua Liu3, Weixin Ren1,2,()   

  1. 1 Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
    2 Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Interventional Therapy, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
    3 Interventional Center, Xinjiang Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Changji 831100, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-10-21 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Weixin Ren

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of iodine-125 (125I) seed strand combined with biliary self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) versus SEMS alone in unresectable Bismuth Ⅲ–Ⅲ hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA).

Methods

This retrospective study included 60 patients with unresectable Bismuth type III/IV HCCA treated at First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2019 to January 2025. Thirty-two patients received 125I seed strand plus biliary SEMS (combined group) and 28 received SEMS alone (control group). Postoperative liver function, adverse events, stent patency, and overall survival were compared between groups.

Results

Technical success was 100% in both groups, and jaundice was clearly relieved postprocedure. Improvements in liver function tests and overall adverse event rates did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). Median overall survival was longer in the combined group (9.00 months; 95% CI: 6.25–11.75) than in the control group (6.00 months; 95% CI: 5.17–6.83; P<0.05). Median stent patency was also longer in the combined group (7.00 months; 95% CI: 3.67–10.33) versus the control group (5.00 months; 95% CI: 3.70–6.30; P<0.05).

Conclusion

Placement of 125I seed strand combined with biliary SEMS is safe and feasible for unresectable Bismuth III–IV HCCA. It effectively relieves biliary obstruction and prolongs stent patency and patient survival.

Key words: Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma, Biliary Stent, Iodine-125 (125I) Seeds, Stent Patency Time, Overall Survival

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