This study uses Ti₃C₂ nanosheets loading doxorubicin (DOX) and CaCO₃ to prepare a novel nano-composite Ti₃C₂/DOX@CaCO₃ for drug delivery, aiming to increase the accumulation of drugs at the site of tumors, enhance the therapeutic effect of breast cancer combined with photothermal therapy, and reduce the toxicity of DOX.

Ti₃C₂/DOX@CaCO₃ was prepared from Ti₃C₂, cyclohexane, Triton X-100, 1-hexanol, calcium chloride solution and sodium carbonate solution. CCK8 assay was used to detect the effect of Ti₃C₂/DOX@CaCO₃ combined with photothermal therapy on the proliferative ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Subsequently, we established MDA-MB-231 tumor burden animal model. The toxicity of Ti₃C₂/DOX@CaCO₃ combined with photothermal therapy and the inhibitory effect of tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer were evaluated by animal experiments.

Zeta potential showed Ti₃C₂ loading DOX successfully.The CCK8 experiment confirmed that Ti₃C₂/DOX@CaCO₃ combined with photothermal therapy could better inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells compared with the DOX group. In vivo experiments, the results confirmed that Ti₃C₂/DOX@CaCO₃ nanocomposites combined with photothermal therapy could more effectively inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumors in mice. Moreover, there were no other obvious morphological changes or pathological damage in other organs.

This study has confirmed that the Ti₃C₂ two-dimensional nanosheets loading chemotherapeutic drugs DOX and Ca²⁺, combined with photothermal therapy can effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells, and reduce the toxicity of DOX. This also provides a new synergistic strategy for breast cancer treatment, which has a promising clinical application prospects.