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中华介入放射学电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (03) : 274 -280. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2024.03.014

介入护理

妊娠期妇女静脉血栓栓塞症预防的知信行现状及其影响因素分析
彭小蓉1, 莫伟2,(), 李琴2, 吴雅琴2, 李兰2   
  1. 1. 410000 湖南长沙,湖南师范大学附属第一医院;410000 湖南长沙,湖南外国语职业学院医学健康管理学院
    2. 410000 湖南长沙,湖南省人民医院(湖南师范大学附属第一医院)介入血管外科
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-16 出版日期:2024-08-25
  • 通信作者: 莫伟

Knowledge, attitude and practice of venous thromboembolism prevention and influencing factors among pregnant women

Xiaorong Peng1, Wei Mo2,(), Qin Li2, Yaqin Wu2, Lan Li2   

  1. 1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Changsha 410000; Hunan College of Foreign Studies, Hunan Changsha 410000, China
    2. Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Hunan Changsha 410000
  • Received:2023-11-16 Published:2024-08-25
  • Corresponding author: Wei Mo
引用本文:

彭小蓉, 莫伟, 李琴, 吴雅琴, 李兰. 妊娠期妇女静脉血栓栓塞症预防的知信行现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2024, 12(03): 274-280.

Xiaorong Peng, Wei Mo, Qin Li, Yaqin Wu, Lan Li. Knowledge, attitude and practice of venous thromboembolism prevention and influencing factors among pregnant women[J]. Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology(Electronic Edition), 2024, 12(03): 274-280.

目的

了解妊娠期妇女静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)预防的知信行现状并分析其影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,于2022年10月至2023年3月,在湖南省某三甲医院产科门诊抽取符合纳入标准的259名妊娠期妇女作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表和孕产妇VTE预防知信行调查问卷进行调查,对妊娠期妇女VTE预防的知识、态度和行为得分进行Pearson相关性分析。将单因素分析中有意义的变量作为自变量,将妊娠期妇女VTE预防的知识、态度和行为得分作为因变量,采用输入法分别进行多元线性回归分析。

结果

妊娠期妇女VTE预防的知信行总得分为(168.69 ± 37.64)分,总得分率为64.88%,其中知识维度的得分为(79.07 ± 24.96)分,得分率为58.57%;态度维度的得分为(62.98 ± 10.58)分,得分率为78.73%;行为维度的得分为(26.63 ± 7.78)分,得分率为59.17%。多因素分析结果显示,既往VTE病史、接受VTE预防的宣教史是妊娠期妇女VTE预防的知识和态度得分的主要影响因素(均P < 0.05),文化程度、既往VTE病史、接受VTE预防的宣教史和产次是妊娠期妇女VTE预防的行为得分的主要影响因素(均P < 0.05)。

结论

妊娠期妇女VTE预防的态度较好,但知识和行为尚存在不足,在开展健康宣教时,应多关注既往VTE病史的妊娠期妇女,重视整个妊娠期的持续性、个性化的血栓预防管理。

Objective

To understand the status quo of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention in pregnant women and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for clinical prevention and management of VTE in pregnant women.

Methods

From October 2022 to March 2023, 259 pregnant women were selected as the research objects in the obstetrics clinic of a Class ⅲ Grade A hospital in Hunan Province. The general information questionnaire and the VTE prevention knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire of pregnant women were used to investigate the current status and influencing factors of VTE prevention knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women. Correlation analysis was performed through Pearson correlation coefficient (PPC) test and multiple linear regression.

Results

The total score of knowledge, attitude and practice of VTE prevention in pregnant women was (168.69 ± 37.64), with a total scoring rate of 64.88%, and the score of knowledge dimension was (79.07 ± 24.96), with a scoring rate of 58.57%; The score of attitude dimension was (62.98 ± 10.58), with a scoring rate of 78.73%; The score of behavior dimension was (26.63 ± 7.78), with a scoring rate of 59.17%. Multivariate analysis showed that previous history of VTE and education history of VTE prevention were the main influencing factors of knowledge and attitude scores of VTE prevention in pregnant women (all P < 0.05). Education level, previous history of VTE, history of receiving education on VTE prevention and delivery times were the main influencing factors of VTE prevention behavior score in pregnant women (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Pregnant women have a good attitude to VTE prevention, but their knowledge and behavior are still insufficient. More attention should be paid to pregnant women with a history of VTE and continuous and personalized thrombosis prevention and management during the whole pregnancy.

表1 妊娠期妇女的一般资料(259名)
表2 妊娠期妇女VTE预防的知识、态度、行为得分情况(259名)
表3 妊娠期妇女VTE预防的知识、行为、态度得分的单因素分析(259名)
变量 知识 行为 态度
得分[分,MQ1Q3)] Z/H P 得分[分,MQ1Q3)] Z/H P 得分(分,±s t/F P
年龄(岁)   1.316 0.518   0.702 0.704   1.082 0.341
< 30 72.00(59.00,95.00)     64.00(58.00,68.00)     26.06±8.01    
30~35 78.00(61.00,101.00)     64.00(61.00,71.00)     26.93±7.39    
≥35 77.00(64.00,89.00)     64.00(51.00,66.00)     28.28±7.91    
BMIa(kg/m2   -1.091 0.275   -1.299 0.194   0.508 0.612
< 30 76.00(60.00,96.50)     64.00(59.50,67.50)     26.70±7.89    
≥30 79.00(65.75,99.75)     64.00(62.50,74.25)     25.82±6.64    
妊娠周期(周)   5.092 0.078   5.065 0.079   1.889 0.153
≤13+6 72.00(56.25,100.75)     64.00(56.50,64.00)     27.30±8.45    
14~27+6 65.00(58.00,93.00)     63.00(58.00,65.00)     25.16±8.62    
≥28 81.00(64.00,97.75)     64.00(61.00,71.00)     27.20±7.05    
民族   -0.786 0.432   -0.638 0.523   -0.407 0.684
汉族 76.00(60.00,97.00)     64.00(60.00,68.50)     26.57±7.69    
少数民族 71.50(60.25,90.50)     63.50(57.50,68.25)     27.27±8.82    
生活区域   -1.529 0.126   -1.643 0.100   -1.119 0.264
农村 67.00(56.00,91.00)     63.00(49.00,68.00)     25.26±7.15    
城镇 76.50(62.00,97.75)     64.00(61.00,68.75)     26.84±7.87    
文化程度   11.426 0.003   9.103 0.011   5.989 0.003
初中及以下 61.50(56.00,80.25)     59.50(49.00,64.00)     21.94±6.26    
高中/中专 60.00(52.50,86.00)     63.00(49.00,64.00)     23.52±8.94    
大专及以上 79.50(62.00,98.00)     64.00(61.00,69.75)     27.30±7.60    
职业   31.810 < 0.001   19.134 0.002   7.167 < 0.001
教师/公务员/事业单位 94.50(71.00,110.00)     64.00(63.00,75.00)     29.36±7.32    
公司职员 72.00(60.25,90.75)     64.00(58.25,68.00)     26.22±7.61    
商业/服务业/销售 64.00(58.00,84.25)     62.50(52.00,64.00)     25.60±7.68    
农民 56.00(32.50,98.50)     58.00(53.50,67.00)     26.80±7.56    
无业/家庭主妇 66.50(59.25,85.25)     61.00(52.25,65.50)     22.79±8.12    
其他 70.50(56.50,96.75)     63.00(50.00,64.00)     25.55±7.49    
家庭年收入(元)   0.339 0.560   0.481 0.488   1.654 0.193
≤29 999 67.50(56.75,88.75)     63.00(56.50,64.00)     26.28±8.30    
30 000~79 999 67.50(58.00,89.75)     63.50(56.25,69.50)     25.15±7.89    
≥80 000 80.00(65.00,101.00)     64.00(62.00,71.00)     27.39±7.39    
医疗支付类型   29.660 < 0.001   23.317 < 0.001   4.617 0.001
省医保 94.50(65.50,110.00)     64.00(61.50,73.75)     28.74±8.35    
市医保 76.00(61.50,90.50)     64.00(61.00,70.00)     26.95±7.03    
城乡居民医保 62.00(58.00,83.00)     62.00(49.00,64.00)     24.74±8.08    
自费医疗 62.00(52.00,70.00)     60.00(52.00,63.00)     21.48±7.54    
其他 79.00(62.25,107.00)     62.50(59.50,69.25)     24.25±7.37    
孕次(次)   3.896 0.143   4.150 0.126   1.152 0.318
1 69.00(60.00,90.00)     64.00(59.25,65.00)     25.83±7.61    
2 84.00(62.00,101.50)     64.00(61.50,74.00)     26.98±7.84    
≥3 80.00(59.75,94.25)     64.00(58.00,64.00)     27.62±7.99    
产次(次)   4.350 0.114   5.744 0.057   3.585 0.029
0 71.00(58.00,94.25)     64.00(56.00,65.00)     25.49±7.50    
1 81.50(62.75,99.00)     64.00(61.00,74.00)     28.13±7.70    
≥2 67.00(60.00,95.00)     63.00(57.00,64.00)     26.82±10.17    
既往VTE病史   -4.844 < 0.001   -4.190 < 0.001   3.557 < 0.001
80.00(62.00,99.00)     64.00(61.00,71.00)     27.25±7.55    
不清楚 59.00(56.00,68.00)     56.00(49.00,63.00)     22.06±8.08    
接受VTE预防的宣教史   60.255 < 0.001   20.527 < 0.001   21.650 < 0.001
68.50(60.00,86.00)     64.00(59.25,66.00)     25.56±7.03    
107.50 (96.25,125.00)     64.00(63.00,79.00)     32.69±7.04    
不清楚 67.00(56.00,89.00)     62.00(49.00,64.00)     23.85±8.26    
表4 妊娠期妇女VTE预防知识、态度、行为得分的Pearson相关性分析(r
表5 自变量赋值表
表6 妊娠期妇女VTE预防知信行影响因素的多元线性回归分析(259名)
因素 知识维度 态度维度 行为维度
B 标准误 β t P B 标准误 β t P B 标准误 β t P
常量 69.715 8.748   7.969 < 0.001 59.814 4.255   14.058 < 0.001 18.044 2.995   6.025 <0.001
文化程度 4.035 2.669 0.090 1.512 0.132 1.492 1.298 0.079 1.149 0.252 2.489 0.905 0.179 2.749 0.006
职业                              
教师/公务员/事业单位a                              
公司职员 -3.665 3.641 -0.070 -1.007 0.315 -1.772 1.771 -0.079 -1.001 0.318 0.067 1.235 0.004 0.054 0.957
商业/服务业/销售 -5.314 4.379 -0.079 -1.213 0.226 -2.090 2.130 -0.073 -0.981 0.327 0.175 1.485 0.008 0.118 0.906
农民 -3.174 10.416 -0.018 -0.305 0.761 0.011 5.066 < 0.001 0.002 0.998 4.113 3.555 0.073 1.157 0.248
无业/家庭主妇 -1.448 5.412 -0.018 -0.268 0.789 -1.800 2.632 -0.053 -0.684 0.495 -2.955 1.848 -0.118 -1.599 0.111
其他 -4.994 5.546 -0.054 -0.901 0.369 -3.626 2.697 -0.092 -1.344 0.180 -0.442 1.881 -0.015 -0.235 0.814
医疗支付类型                              
省医保a                              
市医保 -3.810 3.359 -0.076 -1.134 0.258 1.698 1.634 0.080 1.039 0.300 0.508 1.139 0.033 0.447 0.656
城乡居民医保 -7.138 5.175 -0.093 -1.379 0.169 -2.835 2.517 -0.087 -1.126 0.261 0.131 1.758 0.005 0.074 0.941
自费 -11.761 5.785 -0.134 -2.033 0.043 -3.208 2.814 -0.086 -1.140 0.255 -1.884 1.970 -0.069 -0.956 0.340
其他 7.622 10.985 0.038 0.694 0.488 2.352 5.343 0.027 0.440 0.660 0.060 3.726 0.001 0.016 0.987
既往VTE病史 -8.486 2.273 -0.221 -3.733 < 0.001 -2.571 1.106 -0.158 -2.325 0.021 -1.886 0.771 -0.158 -2.446 0.015
接受VTE预防的宣教史                              
a                              
29.012 3.693 0.452 7.856 < 0.001 5.002 1.796 0.184 2.784 0.006 6.737 1.254 0.337 5.373 < 0.001
不清楚 8.268 4.149 0.119 1.993 0.047 -1.061 2.018 -0.036 -0.526 0.600 0.102 1.408 0.005 0.072 0.942
产次                     1.919 0.739 0.149 2.596 0.010
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