Research Progress in Endovascular Interventional Therapy for Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2026.03.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) comprises the clinical manifestations of partial or complete obstruction of the superior vena cava and its major tributaries. Standard care is based on chemoradiotherapy; however, minimally invasive, highly effective endovascular interventions have become the preferred option for patients with critical compression. This review integrates current evidence on malignant SVCS, mapping its clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up and therapeutic landscape, and critically appraises the efficacy and oncological impact of contemporary endovascular techniques.

Key words: Superior vena cava syndrome, lung cancer, interventional therapy, endovascular stent placement

Ruohan Zhang, Yi Deng, Suyi Ye, Jingqi Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Jing Zhang, Jing Li, Rongde Xu, Wei Cui. Research Progress in Endovascular Interventional Therapy for Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology(Electronic Edition), 2026, 14(03): 250-256.

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URL: https://zhjrfsxdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2026.03.004

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References 36

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类别	症状/体征	平均发病率（最小值~最大值，%）
神经病学	晕厥	10（8~13）
	头疼	9（6~11）
	头晕	6（2~10）
	困惑	4（0~5）
	昏迷、昏睡	2（0~3）
血流动力学	面部水肿	82（60~100）
	上肢水肿	46（14~75）
	颈部静脉扩张	63（27~86）
	胸部静脉扩张	53（38~67）
	面部多毛症	20（13~23）
	视觉症状	2（0~3）
呼吸	呼吸困难	54（23~74）
	咳嗽	54（38~70）
	声音嘶哑	17（15~20）
	喘鸣	4（0~5）

类别	症状/体征	平均发病率（最小值~最大值，%）
神经病学	晕厥	10（8~13）
	头疼	9（6~11）
	头晕	6（2~10）
	困惑	4（0~5）
	昏迷、昏睡	2（0~3）
血流动力学	面部水肿	82（60~100）
	上肢水肿	46（14~75）
	颈部静脉扩张	63（27~86）
	胸部静脉扩张	53（38~67）
	面部多毛症	20（13~23）
	视觉症状	2（0~3）
呼吸	呼吸困难	54（23~74）
	咳嗽	54（38~70）
	声音嘶哑	17（15~20）
	喘鸣	4（0~5）

级别	严重分级	发生率（%）	定义
0	无症状	10	在无症状和体征的情况下，放射学证据表明上腔静脉阻塞
1	轻度	25	头颈部水肿(血管扩张)，发绀，过多
2	中度	50	头部或颈部水肿，伴有功能障碍(轻度吞咽困难，咳嗽，轻度或中度头部、下颌或眼睑运动障碍，眼睑水肿引起的视力障碍)
3	重度	10	轻度或中度脑水肿(头痛、头晕)或轻度至中度喉水肿或心脏储备减少(屈身后晕厥)
4	危及生命	5	脑水肿(意识不清、闭塞)或喉水肿(喘鸣)或血流动力学严重受损(无沉淀因素的晕厥、低血压、肾功能不全)
5	致命性	<1	死亡

级别	严重分级	发生率（%）	定义
0	无症状	10	在无症状和体征的情况下，放射学证据表明上腔静脉阻塞
1	轻度	25	头颈部水肿(血管扩张)，发绀，过多
2	中度	50	头部或颈部水肿，伴有功能障碍(轻度吞咽困难，咳嗽，轻度或中度头部、下颌或眼睑运动障碍，眼睑水肿引起的视力障碍)
3	重度	10	轻度或中度脑水肿(头痛、头晕)或轻度至中度喉水肿或心脏储备减少(屈身后晕厥)
4	危及生命	5	脑水肿(意识不清、闭塞)或喉水肿(喘鸣)或血流动力学严重受损(无沉淀因素的晕厥、低血压、肾功能不全)
5	致命性	<1	死亡

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