To explore the symptom experience and psychological perceptions of patients with primary liver cancer during combined treatment with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, providing a basis for improved symptom management.

Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients receiving the combined therapy. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method.

Four main themes were identified: (1) physical symptoms, including post-embolization syndrome, sleep disturbances, and treatment-related adverse reactions; (2) psychological distress, involving fear of side effects and anxiety regarding recurrence; (3) social and family impact, including role conflicts, social withdrawal, and changes in work patterns; and (4) coping strategies, encompassing both active and passive modes.

Patients face multifaceted and interconnected symptoms. Healthcare professionals should implement dynamic assessments and integrated management, emphasizing psychological support and fostering family/social networks to improve patient adaptation and the overall care experience.