Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare form of venous thromboembolism, predominantly occurring after cesarean section, and is frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations. This article reports two cases of postpartum OVT following cesarean delivery: one with thrombus extension into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the other complicated by pulmonary embolism (PE). Both patients received a comprehensive therapeutic regimen involving retrievable inferior vena cava filter implantation, systemic thrombolysis, and novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The filters were successfully removed within two weeks, and standardized anticoagulation therapy was maintained for at least three months, resulting in complete thrombus resolution without severe complications. For high-risk, complex OVT cases (e.g., IVC involvement or PE), this study explored individualized interventional strategies, demonstrating that filter placement combined with anticoagulation and thrombolysis effectively prevents pulmonary embolism and enhances thrombus clearance. These findings propose a novel integrated therapeutic approach for clinical management.