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Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02): 177-183. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2026.02.008

• Article • Previous Articles    

A Comparative Study of TACE versus HAIC Combined with Targeted and Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus

Zhennan Dong1, Hengxing Guan1, Wei Ding2, Weidong Wang2, Jinxing Zhang3,(), Chungao Zhou3, Qingquan Zu3, Haibin Shi3   

  1. 1 Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, China
    2 Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
    3 Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
  • Received:2025-12-04 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-05-28
  • Contact: Jinxing Zhang

Abstract:

Objective

To compare the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), each combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study included patients with HCC and PVTT treated at three centers between January 2020 and January 2025. The study population was grouped into a TACE combination group and an HAIC combination group. After propensity score matching, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were compared between the two groups.

Results

After matching, 54 patients were included in each group. The ORR was 55.5% in the HAIC-combination group and 44.4% in the TACE-combination group (P=0.248). The HAIC-combination group had a longer median PFS (12.2 vs. 7.8 months, P=0.042) and OS (24.9 vs. 18.1 months, P=0.035) than the TACE-combination group. The incidence of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ adverse events was 44.4% and 37.0% in the HAIC-and TACE-combination groups, respectively (P=0.555).

Conclusion

For patients with HCC and PVTT, the HAIC-based combination regimen showed better survival outcomes than the TACE-based combination regimen.

Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Portal vein tumor thrombus, Transarterial chemoembolization, Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy

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