Comparative Study of Ethanol-iohexol Mixture and Ethanol-iodized Oil Suspension in Rabbit Renal Artery Embolization

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2026.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an ethanol–iohexol mixture (EIM) as an endovascular embolic agent in a rabbit renal artery embolization model and compare it with an ethanol–lipiodol suspension (ELS).

Methods

Forty-five rabbits were randomly divided into a control group, an EIM group, and an ELS group (n=15 each). All underwent transcatheter renal angiography and embolization with 1 mL of either EIM or ELS. Post-embolization vessel occlusion was assessed using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and graded via the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale.

Results

Both EIM and ELS achieved complete and persistent occlusion (TICI 0) without recanalization or collateral formation. EIM, being water-soluble with lower viscosity, was easier to inject and showed rapid intravascular diffusion, enabling faster visualization of embolization. ELS was more viscous, difficult to inject, and exhibited phase separation within one minute. Histopathology confirmed comparable thrombus formation in both groups. Transient elevations in hepatic and renal biomarkers were observed but returned to baseline by 1 and 2 weeks, respectively.

Conclusion

EIM and ELS both provided effective, durable renal artery embolization with minimal systemic toxicity. EIM offered superior injectability and handling, while overall efficacy and safety were similar.【Keywords】Ethanol-iohexol mixture; Ethanol-iodized oil suspension; Alcohol;Interventional embolization

Zijun Zhou, Hua Jiang, Zhenyin Liu, Haibo Li, Jing Zhang. Comparative Study of Ethanol-iohexol Mixture and Ethanol-iodized Oil Suspension in Rabbit Renal Artery Embolization[J]. Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology(Electronic Edition), 2026, 14(02): 150-156.

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References 25

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