Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disorder characterized by lower extremity arterial stenosis or occlusion, leading to symptoms such as intermittent claudication and rest pain. Its incidence has been rising globally year by year and is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular events. The pathogenesis of PAD is closely linked to systemic inflammatory responses. Various inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, white blood cells, interleukins, and others, not only contribute to the development and progression of PAD but also serve as potential biomarkers for predicting disease prognosis and treatment outcomes. This review systematically summarizes the associations between multiple inflammatory markers and PAD, as well as the latest research advances in anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and management of PAD.