Venous malformation (VM) is a common congenital vascular disorder in children, with approximately 95% of cases presenting as sporadic. Most cases manifest clinically as vascular lesions with blue, soft, and compressible features, indicative of low to medium blood flow velocity. Currently, interventional sclerotherapy is a common therapeutic approach, while surgical excision is employed in only a minority of cases. The efficacy of interventional sclerotherapy is closely associated with factors such as blood flow velocity within the lesion and the extent of the malformation. In cases with larger and diffuse lesions, treatment frequency is increased, and the proportion of significant improvement is lower compared to isolated small lesions, resulting in a higher postoperative recurrence rate. For cases where the malformation extensively involves surrounding normal tissues, the injection of potent sclerosing agents may cause considerable damage to the affected tissues. As of now, the pathogenesis of venous malformations remains incompletely elucidated. Exploring the etiology of venous malformations is of significant importance to uncover more effective treatment modalities, such as molecular targeted therapy, aiming to achieve improved clinical outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress in molecular research on sporadic venous malformations.