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中华介入放射学电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (01) : 30 -34. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2025.01.006

专题研究·呼吸介入

经导管接触溶栓治疗中危急性肺栓塞的有效性及安全性
张兴华1, 严海涛1, 刘圣1, 祖庆泉1, 施海彬1,()   
  1. 1. 210029 江苏南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院介入放射科
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10 出版日期:2025-02-25
  • 通信作者: 施海彬
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科教能力提升工程(JSDW202243)

Efficacy and safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism

Xinghua Zhang1, Haitao Yan1, Sheng Liu1, Qingquan Zu1, Haibin Shi1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210029, China
  • Received:2024-07-10 Published:2025-02-25
  • Corresponding author: Haibin Shi
引用本文:

张兴华, 严海涛, 刘圣, 祖庆泉, 施海彬. 经导管接触溶栓治疗中危急性肺栓塞的有效性及安全性[J/OL]. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2025, 13(01): 30-34.

Xinghua Zhang, Haitao Yan, Sheng Liu, Qingquan Zu, Haibin Shi. Efficacy and safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology(Electronic Edition), 2025, 13(01): 30-34.

目的

探讨导管接触溶栓(catheter-directed thrombolysis,CDT)在治疗中危急肺栓塞(acute pulmonary embolism,APE)患者中的安全性与有效性。

方法

回顾性收集2021 年1 月至2023 年9 月在南京医科大学第一附属医院接受CDT 治疗的46 例中危APE 患者的临床资料,其有效性主要指标为基线至术后7 d 右心室/左心室比值(right ventricle/left ventricle,RV/LV)的下降值,次要指标包括Qanadli 指数计算的血栓负荷量、肺动脉收缩压、氨基末端B 型利钠肽前体(N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)及肌钙蛋白T;安全性评价包括住院期间的大出血事件发生率、非大出血事件发生率及术后3 个月的复发率。

结果

CDT 治疗24 h 后心率由(93.5±11.6)次/min下降到(82.4±6.9)次/min,呼吸频率由(20.6±3.0)次/min 降至(17.6±11.5)次/min,同时NTproBNP、肌钙蛋白T 均有明显下降[1224.9(297.0,3652.5)ng/L vs 339.9(99.1,1515.0)ng/L;25.4(13.4,60.7)ng/L vs 17.3(10.3,30.7)ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。CDT 治疗7 d RV/LV 值由(1.5±0.2)下降到(0.9±0.1),Qanadli 指数计算的血栓负荷量由(49.1%±11.6%)减少到(16.7%±9.3%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);肺动脉收缩压也有明显的下降[(51.0±10.6) mmHg vs(32.1±8.1) mmHg,P<0.001];NT-proBNP、肌钙蛋白T 均有了更明显的下降(P<0.001)。住院期间所有患者均未发生大出血事件。有6 例(13.0%)患者发生了非大出血事件。在后续3 个月的随访中,有3 例(6.5%)患者肺动脉血栓复发,10 例(21.7%)患者残余少许血栓。

结论

经CDT 治疗中危APE患者能够在较短时间内快速改善右心功能并减少血栓负荷,且安全性可接受。

Objective

To investigate the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT) in the treatment of intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism (APE) patients.

Methods

From January 2021 to September 2023, clinical data of 46 intermediate-risk APE patients who received CDT were retrospectively collected.The primary efficacy endpoint was the reduction in the right ventricle/left ventricle(RV/LV) ratio from baseline to 7 days post-procedure.The secondary efficacy endpoint included thrombus burden calculated by the Qanadli index, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and cardiac troponin T levels.Safety evaluation included major bleeding and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding defined by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria.Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were employed to assess the safety and efficacy of CDT in APE patients by comparing initial and post-treatment indicators.

Results

After 24 hours of CDT treatment, heart rate decreased from 93.5±11.6 to 82.4±6.9 beats/min (P<0.001), respiratory rate decreased from 20.6±3.0 to 17.6±11.5 breaths/min (P<0.001), and there was a significant decrease in NT-proBNP and troponin T[1224.9 ng/L (297.0, 3652.5) vs 339.9 ng/L (99.1, 1515.0), P=0.005 and 25.4 ng/L (13.4, 60.7) vs 17.3 ng/L(10.3, 30.7), P=0.029)].The RV/LV ratio decreased from 1.5±0.2 to 0.9±0.1 (P<0.001) after 7 days post-CDT.Simultaneously, the Qanadli index decreased from 49.1%±11.6% to 16.7%±9.3% (P<0.001).Significant reductions were observed in pulmonary artery systolic pressure [(51.0±10.6) mmHg vs (32.1±8.1) mmHg,P<0.001].NT-proBNP and troponin T both decreased more significantly (P<0.001).During hospitalization, no major bleeding events occurred in any of the patients.Six patients (13.0%) experienced non-major bleeding events.During the subsequent 3-month follow-up, 3 patients (6.5%) experienced recurrent pulmonary embolism, and 10 patients (21.7%) had residual small amounts of thrombus.

Conclusion

The use of CDT in the treatment of intermediate-risk APE patients could rapidly improve right heart function and reduce thrombus burden with an acceptable safety profile.

表1 纳入患者一般资料
图1 男性,40 岁,胸闷10 d 1A、1B:术前CTPA 示双肺动脉栓塞,左侧为著;1C: CDT 前造影;1D: CDT 后造影,左肺动脉血流有明显改善;1E、1F: 术后7 d CTPA 示左肺动脉残余少许血栓;1G、1H: 术后3 个月CTPA 示双肺动脉无明显血栓残留。CTPA:计算机断层扫描肺动脉造影;CDT:导管接触溶栓。
表2 中危APE 患者CDT 治疗24 h 后生命体征及心肌标志物变化比较
表3 中危APE 患者CDT 治疗7 d 后复查影像及心肌标志物变化比较
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